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D. N. Sharma , S. M. Tripathi , A. K. Srivastava

Abstract

This communication presents the first comprehensive account of the pteridophytic flora of the forests of Gorakhpur district and is a result of the authors' several excursions to these forests. These areas being fairly moist exhibit a luxuriant growth and display of ferns whose number, however, is not very large. In all 22 species of ferns and fern allies belonging to 13 families have been classified according to their ecological habitat and enumerated with their important distinguishing characters and precise distribution. Names of species have been accompanied by only relevant synonyms. It is expressed that such a treatment is likely to be of considerable help for future collectors.

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D. N. Sharma , S. M. Tripathi , A. K. Srivastava

Abstract

The south western regions of Nepal adjoining Gorakhpur District have been botanized to study the pteridophytic flora. In all 55 species of ferns and their allies representing 29 genera belonging to 13 families have been collected and enumerated. The species have been classified on the basis of their ecological habitat and their relative prevalence has been recorded on visual estimation. Attempt has been made to bring the nomenclature up to date. The importance of such investigations for future collectors and for cytotaxonomical studies has been stressed.

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Vineet Kumar Sharma ¹, D. N. Sharma ¹, Dinesh Kumar ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Farm Machinery and Power Engineering, C.C.S. Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar Haryana, IN

Abstract

The performance evaluation of seed metering inclined cell plate under laboratory conditions was carried out on existing Bt cotton planter in term seed rate, cell fill percentage, seed to seed distance and soil cover over the seed. The seed rate obtained with seed hopper in level position and at speed ratio of 3:1 were 1.75kg/ha, 2.40kg/ha and 2.65kg/ha in large medium and small seed size categories, respectively. These seedrate are quite close to the recommended seed rates of Bt cotton varieties.Based on the results of lab study the optimum speed ratio of 3:1, seed release height of 30 cm inclined cell plate type metering roller and shoe type furrow opener were selected and improved prototype of Bt cotton planter was developed. The development and evaluation of improved prototype Bt cotton planter was carried out under field condition and compared with existing inclined plate type cotton planter. The effective field capacity of both machines was 0.73 and 0.71 ha/h at average operating speeds of 4.1 and 3.8 km/h, respectively. Time lost in turning of both planters was 35 and 37 sec/turn and the field efficiency was 59.34 and 58.77%, respectively. The germination of seed was recorded after 21 days of planting and it was 16-19 plants in case improved Bt Cotton planter and 12-16 in existing planter. The distribution of plants in row and crop response at farmer's field indicated that mean plant spacing was 71 .8 cm and quality of feeding index was 75.57% in case of improved Bt Cotton planter whereas, the mean spacing of 77.6 cm and quality feeding index 68.81 % was recorded in existing cotton planter. The missing index and multiple index recorded in improved Bt cotton planter were 15.45 % and 8.88%, respectively, whereas it was 22.86% and 8.33% in existing cotton planter.

Keywords

Improved Bt Cotton Planter, Seed Rate, Cell Fill Percentage, Missing Index, Multiple Index

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S. Lahiry ¹, D. N. Sharma ¹, M. Mund ¹, R. Dhaarini ¹, H. Deshmukh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Anaesthesia, MKCG Medical College and Hospital Brahmpur, Ganjam Odisha-760004, IN

Abstract

Background: General anaesthesia is still the preferred technique amongst many practitioners for oncologic breast surgeries. However the TEA technique has a lot of advantages over the conventional GA technique.

Objective: We attempted to evaluate the two techniques of anaesthesia for MRM surgeries.

Materials and Method: Sixty ASA I-II patients undergoing MRM were randomly assigned to two study groups of 30 patients each. In the TEA group (group T), an epidural catheter was inserted at T7-T8 level, and 8-10 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine was titrated and administered. GA (group G) was induced with 2mg/kg of propofol and was maintained with Isoflurane, intermittent inj. Vecuronium and 70% N2O in oxygen. The authors evaluated the adequacy of anesthesia, surgical condition, post anesthetic recovery, post anesthetic analgesia and patients' satisfaction.

Results: The intra operative haemodynamics was comparable in between the two groups. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the TEA group (16.5% in group T and 39.6% in group G , P = 0.02). The mean immediate VAS score was also lower in TEA group ( group T =2.4 , group G =5.8,P = 0.001). Aldrete recovery score was 9/10 in 1^st hr in a significant proportion in the TEA group (89.1% in group T v/s 59.4% in group G , P = 0.003). Patient satisfaction was significantly higher. The surgeons were however satisfied with both the methods.

Conclusion: Use of thoracic epidural technique as a sole anaesthetic technique for MRM surgeries provides adequate operating conditions, better side effect profile, better pain management and patient satisfaction.

Keywords

MRM, Thoracic Epidural, General Anesthesia, Breast Carcinoma.

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